![]() ![]() The most westerly of these passes was the one through which the road ran from Thebes and Plataeae to Eleusis the central one was the pass of Phyle, through which was the direct road from Thebes to Athens and the eastern one was the pass of Deceleia, leading from Athens to Oropus and Delium.Ī more particular account of these important passes is given below. Through the range of Cithaeron and Parnes there are three principal passes, all of which were of great importance in ancient times for the protection of Attica on the side of Boeotia. There are two passes across the mountains from Corinth into the Megaris, which are spoken of under MEGARIS. It thus appears that Megaris naturally forms a part of the peninsula: it was one of the four ancient divisions of Attica, but was afterwards separated from it. These two chains of mountains, together with the central one of Cithaeron, completely protect the peninsula of Attica from the rest of Greece. The modern name of Parnes is Noziá that of Cithaeron, or at least of its highest point, is Elaté, derived from its fir-trees. ![]() ![]() through Megaris under the name of the Oenean mountains, and terminating at the Scironian rocks on the Saronic gulf and the other, called Parnes, running in a general easterly direction, and terminating on the sea coast above the promontory Rhamnus. From the latter there were two chief branches, one extending SW. The most important part of this range, immediately south of Thebes and Plataeae, and near the Corinthian gulf, was called Cithaeron. ![]() It is separated from Boeotia by a range of lofty, and in most places inaccessible, mountains, which extend from the Corinthian gulf to the channel of Euboea. It was bounded on the east by the Aegaean sea, on the west by Megaris and the Saronic gulf, and on the north by Boeotia. 3.14.5.) Some modern scholars think that Attica has nothing to do with the word Acte, but contains the root Att or Ath, which we see in Ath-enae.Īttica is in the form of a triangle, having two of its sides washed by the sea, and its base united to the land. 11.) Its name, however, was usually derived by the ancient writers from the autochthon Actaeus or Actaeon, or from Atthis, daughter of Cranaus, who is represented as the second king of Athens. It is stated by several ancient writers that the country was originally called Acte. Attica would thus be a corruption of Actica ( Ἀκτική), which would be regularly formed from Acte. The name of Attica is probably derived from Acte ( Ἀκτή), as being a projecting peninsula, in the same manner as the peninsula of Mt. γῆ), one of the political divisions of Greece. The English word orange begins to be used to designate the color orange in the 16th century.A´TTICA A´ TTICA ( ἡ Ἀττική, sc. In the final stage in the journey of the word, the Old French form was borrowed into Middle English, at first spelled orenge in a text dating from around 1400. Old Italian melarancio was translated into Old French as pume d'orenge, "apple of the orange tree." The a in the Old Italian word was replaced by o in Old French due to the influence of the name of the town of Orange (from which oranges reached the northern part of France) and possibly also due to the influence of the Old French word or, "gold" (by association with the rich color of the fruit). The Arabic word is the source of Old Italian arancio, "orange tree," and this word was compounded with Old Italian mela, "apple," to make melarancio, referring to the fruit of the orange tree. The Arabs brought the first oranges to Spain and Sicily between the 8th and 10th centuries, and from there the popularity of the fruit spread throughout Europe. As the fruit passed westward from India, so did the word for it, becoming Persian nārang and Arabic nāranj. The modern Tamil word for an orange, for example, is nāram, and in ancient times, a Dravidian word similar to this was adopted into the Indo-European language Sanskrit as nāraṅgaḥ. The ultimate origins of the word lie in the Dravidian language family, a family of languages spoken in South Asia that includes Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu. Word History: If we trace the origin of the English word orange from its source, we follow the path of the fruit as its popularity expands from Asia to Europe. ![]()
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